An Optimized Technique for Securing Modern Smart Cities Using Equipped Crowed-Sensing Unmanned aerial vehicles

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 dep. of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering, Air Defense Collage, Egyptian Military Academy, Cairo, Egypt,

2 Electronics and Communications Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt

3 Electronics and communications department Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Egypt

Abstract

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have become a vital and indispensable tool in modern disaster management, especially in smart cities that rely on complex infrastructure and communication networks. This paper addresses the pivotal importance of UAVs in disaster prevention efforts, with a particular focus on the challenges posed by GNSS signal disturbances, which hinder accurate navigation and relief efforts. In this paper, we present an efficient and robust system that aims to establish a secure and reliable communication channel between UAVs—equipped with crowd-sensing techniques and advanced estimation filters such as Extended Kalman Filters and Particle Filters—and the ground control station. This system ensures continuous communication even in the absence of GNSS signals, enabling UAVs to efficiently perform their vital tasks. Furthermore, we propose a secure communication method based on robust cryptographic steganography, combining the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and stego-images using discrete wavelet (DWT) coefficients. The test results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method, as its performance was successfully evaluated using the mean square error (MSE), maximum signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), and correlation (COR) metrics.

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